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中国 AI 为什么追得这么快？美媒找到一批关键人物_我的网站
一 | The IRS deleted a job listing seeking “new special agents” who are “willing to use deadly force, if necessary” from their website, following a fierce backlash on social media Wednesday–only to reupload it within a day with the offending portion removed.,The IRS has removed the line "Carry a firearm and be willing to use deadly force, if necessary" from their IRS Criminal Investigation Special Agent listing following the fiasco yesterday.Archived here: https://t.co/vBy6lB841RActive link: https://t.co/uvwbrAkIit pic.twitter.com/vNmcSXuD7w— Ford Fischer (@FordFischer) August 11, 2022,Per the now-updated page on the IRS website, “IRS Special Agents are considered the premier financial investigators for the Federal government.”,“Special Agents are duly sworn law enforcement officers who are trained to ‘follow the money,’” the listing says, warning that “no matter what the source, all income earned, both legal and illegal, has the potential of becoming involved in crimes which fall within the investigative jurisdiction of the IRS Criminal Investigation.”,The posting sparked a wave of condemnation from ordinary citizens and influential politicians alike, including Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX), who took to Twitter to express his opposition to the proposed new IRS jobs:,“HELL NO. Every Republican should pledge we WILL NOT FUND these 87k armed new IRS agents who will target the American people.”,HELL NO.Every Republican should pledge we WILL NOT FUND these 87k armed new IRS agents who will target the American people. https://t.co/BmKZVjVdNx— Ted Cruz (@tedcruz) August 10, 2022,Funding for the special agents in question is likely to be drawn from a huge budget boost the IRS anticipates, with Democrats in the House set to approve the so-called “Inflation Reduction Act.”,Along with around $430 billion the Biden administration says will address climate change and extend Affordable Care Act subsidies, the new spending bill promises to pump $80 billion into the IRS over the next ten years - more than doubling the size of the agency with over 87,000 new positions. According to the now-updated job listing, many of them will be armed; one of the “key requirements” is that applicants “be legally allowed to carry a firearm.”,The ad in question was first noticed by documentarian Ford Fischer, who pointed out in a subsequent post on Twitter that, by June, the criminal division of the IRS had spent more on ammunition in the previous three months than they typically spent in an entire year in the recent past.,Fischer told Sputnik News he finds it “fascinating” that “following the attention [he] brought to this job listing, the page went down for a while, and now with it back online, the ‘willingness to engage in deadly force' line has been removed.”,“The reality is that while perhaps finding some renewed relevance in today's news cycle about the IRS, this listing isn't particularly unusual,” Fischer notes. “The agency has been spending more than $600,000 annually on ammunition, which has been charted out for at least the past three administrations.”,“What's new is that while the left (to be clear, I mean real leftists - not Democrats) have been fairly adamant in their opposition to law enforcement at all levels, the Republicans seem to find opposition when the politics line up. For example, they currently are deeply critical of the FBI, and IRS.”,Opposition to the spending bill authorizing the IRS expansion has come almost entirely from the GOP. A recent analysis by House Republicans found that 60% of new audits expected to be unleashed by the doubling in IRS personnel will fall on those making $75,000 or less a year. But Democrats claim those making less than $400,000 will not be targeted by the new IRS agents.,The IRS reportedly did not respond to inquiries by Fox News or the National Review about its removal of the job posting.。 8 月 25 日，据《华尔街日报》报道，中国 AI 模型近年来快速缩小与美国头部模型的差距，其背后并非短期突然出现的技术突破，而是清华大学等高校长期形成的人才网络，以及开源技术、人才回流和更高算力效率等因素共同推动的结果。报道认为，以智谱 AI 联合创始人唐杰、月之暗面创始人杨植麟以及 DeepSeek 创始人梁文锋等人为代表的一批研究者，构成了中国这一轮 AI 追赶的重要力量。《华尔街日报》称，中美两国多名行业人士认为，中国最好的 AI 模型目前与美国最先进模型的能力差距已经缩小至数月。今年 6 月，马斯克曾预测中国要到 2027 年第一季度才能追上 Anthropic 的顶级模型，唐杰随后回应称，“不会需要那么久”。
二 | 报道将中国 AI 人才体系的形成追溯至 20 多年前。2005 年，图灵奖得主姚期智在清华大学创办“姚班”，培养计算机领域的顶尖人才。与此同时，唐杰长期在清华从事数据挖掘和机器学习研究，其实验室后来成为中国 AI 人才的重要来源之一。
三 | 杨植麟曾师从唐杰，在清华研究机器学习算法，随后赴卡内基梅隆大学攻读博士，回国后创办月之暗面。这种高校与创业公司的人员流动逐渐形成了一张 AI 人才网络。2018 年，中国进一步放宽科研人员创业及科研成果商业化限制，次年唐杰从清华实验室孵化出后来发展为智谱 AI 的公司。早在 OpenAI 于 2020 年发布 GPT-3 后，智谱就将开发同等级模型作为目标。不过，相比美国 AI 企业，中国公司长期面对资金和先进芯片不足的问题。杰富瑞测算，在相关时期内，中国科技公司的投入规模不到美国同行的五分之一。在这一背景下，提高算力利用效率成为中国 AI 企业追赶的重要路径。DeepSeek 是其中的代表。报道提到，DeepSeek 通过多头潜在注意力机制（MLA）降低模型运行中的内存消耗，并较早在中国采用混合专家模型（MoE），以减少对芯片算力的需求。这些技术成为 2025 年初“DeepSeek 冲击”的重要基础，当时其推出的低成本开源模型引发美国科技股震荡，也迫使中国同行重新审视技术路线。中国 AI 企业之间的技术交流也进一步加快了迭代速度。
四 | 月之暗面后续模型采用了 DeepSeek 使用或验证过的 MoE 及 MLA 变体，而 DeepSeek 也采用了月之暗面优化过的训练技术。不同团队通过论文、开源模型和技术实践相互借鉴，形成了与封闭模型路线不同的技术扩散机制。与此同时，人才回流也成为另一条技术路径。腾讯招募了曾在 OpenAI 工作的两名清华毕业生，字节跳动则引入曾供职于谷歌的中国研究人员。报道认为，美国 AI 公司的技术进展、海外人才回流以及中国本土研究网络，共同加快了中国 AI 公司的追赶速度。但算力仍是中国 AI 企业面临的主要制约。梁文锋今年 5 月表示，芯片而非人才，是中美 AI 公司之间最关键的差距。阿里巴巴、智谱等头部实验室研究人员称，他们获得的高端芯片数量往往只有 OpenAI、谷歌同行的五分之一。
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